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Weighted avg aggregation

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Weighted avg aggregation

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A single-value metrics aggregation that computes the weighted average of numeric values that are extracted from the aggregated documents. These values can be extracted either from specific numeric fields in the documents.

When calculating a regular average, each datapoint has an equal "weight" … it contributes equally to the final value. Weighted averages, on the other hand, weight each datapoint differently. The amount that each datapoint contributes to the final value is extracted from the document, or provided by a script.

As a formula, a weighted average is the ∑(value * weight) / ∑(weight)

A regular average can be thought of as a weighted average where every value has an implicit weight of 1.

Table 41. weighted_avg Parameters

Parameter Name	Description	Required
`value`	The configuration for the field or script that provides the values	Required
`weight`	The configuration for the field or script that provides the weights	Required
`format`	The numeric response formatter	Optional
`value_type`	A hint about the values for pure scripts or unmapped fields	Optional

The value and weight objects have per-field specific configuration:

Table 42. value Parameters

Parameter Name	Description	Required	Default Value
`field`	The field that values should be extracted from	Required
`missing`	A value to use if the field is missing entirely	Optional

Table 43. weight Parameters

Parameter Name	Description	Required	Default Value
`field`	The field that weights should be extracted from	Required
`missing`	A weight to use if the field is missing entirely	Optional

Examples

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If our documents have a "grade" field that holds a 0-100 numeric score, and a "weight" field which holds an arbitrary numeric weight, we can calculate the weighted average using:

POST /exams/_search
{
  "size": 0,
  "aggs": {
    "weighted_grade": {
      "weighted_avg": {
        "value": {
          "field": "grade"
        },
        "weight": {
          "field": "weight"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

Which yields a response like:

{
  ...
  "aggregations": {
    "weighted_grade": {
      "value": 70.0
    }
  }
}

While multiple values-per-field are allowed, only one weight is allowed. If the aggregation encounters a document that has more than one weight (e.g. the weight field is a multi-valued field) it will throw an exception. If you have this situation, you will need to specify a script for the weight field, and use the script to combine the multiple values into a single value to be used.

This single weight will be applied independently to each value extracted from the value field.

This example show how a single document with multiple values will be averaged with a single weight:

POST /exams/_doc?refresh
{
  "grade": [1, 2, 3],
  "weight": 2
}

POST /exams/_search
{
  "size": 0,
  "aggs": {
    "weighted_grade": {
      "weighted_avg": {
        "value": {
          "field": "grade"
        },
        "weight": {
          "field": "weight"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

The three values (1, 2, and 3) will be included as independent values, all with the weight of 2:

{
  ...
  "aggregations": {
    "weighted_grade": {
      "value": 2.0
    }
  }
}

The aggregation returns 2.0 as the result, which matches what we would expect when calculating by hand: ((1*2) + (2*2) + (3*2)) / (2+2+2) == 2

Script

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Both the value and the weight can be derived from a script, instead of a field. As a simple example, the following will add one to the grade and weight in the document using a script:

POST /exams/_search
{
  "size": 0,
  "aggs": {
    "weighted_grade": {
      "weighted_avg": {
        "value": {
          "script": "doc.grade.value + 1"
        },
        "weight": {
          "script": "doc.weight.value + 1"
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

Missing values

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The missing parameter defines how documents that are missing a value should be treated. The default behavior is different for value and weight:

By default, if the value field is missing the document is ignored and the aggregation moves on to the next document. If the weight field is missing, it is assumed to have a weight of 1 (like a normal average).

Both of these defaults can be overridden with the missing parameter:

POST /exams/_search
{
  "size": 0,
  "aggs": {
    "weighted_grade": {
      "weighted_avg": {
        "value": {
          "field": "grade",
          "missing": 2
        },
        "weight": {
          "field": "weight",
          "missing": 3
        }
      }
    }
  }
}

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