Field datatypes

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Elasticsearch supports a number of different datatypes for the fields in a document:

Core datatypes

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string
text and keyword
Numeric datatypes
long, integer, short, byte, double, float, half_float, scaled_float
Date datatype
date
Boolean datatype
boolean
Binary datatype
binary
Range datatypes
integer_range, float_range, long_range, double_range, date_range

Complex datatypes

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Object datatype
object for single JSON objects
Nested datatype
nested for arrays of JSON objects

Geo datatypes

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Geo-point datatype
geo_point for lat/lon points
Geo-Shape datatype
geo_shape for complex shapes like polygons

Specialised datatypes

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IP datatype
ip for IPv4 and IPv6 addresses
Completion datatype
completion to provide auto-complete suggestions
Token count datatype
token_count to count the number of tokens in a string
mapper-murmur3
murmur3 to compute hashes of values at index-time and store them in the index
Percolator type
Accepts queries from the query-dsl
join datatype
Defines parent/child relation for documents within the same index

Arrays

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In Elasticsearch, arrays do not require a dedicated field datatype. Any field can contain zero or more values by default, however, all values in the array must be of the same datatype. See Arrays.

Multi-fields

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It is often useful to index the same field in different ways for different purposes. For instance, a string field could be mapped as a text field for full-text search, and as a keyword field for sorting or aggregations. Alternatively, you could index a text field with the standard analyzer, the english analyzer, and the french analyzer.

This is the purpose of multi-fields. Most datatypes support multi-fields via the fields parameter.